Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of Tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of Tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if Tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of Tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of Tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of Tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if Tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of Tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of Tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of Tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if Tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of Tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of Tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of Tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if Tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of Tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of Tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of Tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if Tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of Tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

This thesis is conducted together with the environmental- and health department in Halmstadcommunity. The thesis is about allowance of bedding and water supply for pig farms inHalmstad community. These farms are chosen randomly from all of the pig farms inHalmstad community. It includes inspection of 27 pig farms and writing of a report. Duringthe inspections I study the amount of bedding, what kind of bedding, water supply andinjuries like lameness, shoulder-bone sore, ear-, flank- and pig Tail biting.

The standard housing of farmed mink provides little opportunities for them to behave naturally and abnormal behaviours such as stereotypic behaviour and Tail biting may occur. To prevent abnormal behaviours animals in captivity are often provided with different kinds of enrichments. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of enrichment farmed mink use when they have several kinds to choose from and to observe if abnormal behaviours can be decreased with a larger cage and a more multifaceted environment. Totally 20 silver blue, 10 months old female mink were kept in traditional cages (80x30x40 cm) for 7 days and in larger cages (195x80x40 cm) with several types of enrichments for 7 days. The enrichments were wire net- and wooden shelves, wire net- and plastic cylinders, water bath, plastic ropes, branches, straw and tennis balls. One-zero scan sampling on behaviour and choice of place were performed during 3 hours and 20 minutes prior to feeding during 7 days per treatment in April 2004.

In the current study, the aim was to investigate whether tail posture and motion can be an indicator of the emotional state of pigs and if the tail posture of the pig is affected by social breeding value (SBV), coping style and/or housing. Emotional state can be defined in two dimensions: valence and arousal. Two batches of 96 finishing pigs were studied in a one generation selection experiment with a 2x2 set up and were housed in a barren or straw bedded pen. In each pen, 6 pigs (3 male, 3 female) were housed. A back-test was done to determine the coping style of the pigs with two categories; high resister and low resister pigs.

Hos grisar finner man flera stereotypiska beteenden, som rörbitning och svansbitning. Dessa beteenden är relativt vanliga hos grisar. En miljöberikning definieras som förbättring av ett djurs välfärd, både psykologisk och fysiologiskt, genom förändringar hos djurets omgivning.Denna studie har undersökt om miljöberikningar kan minska stereotypiska beteenden hos grisar. De två olika miljöberikningar som har använts är en jutesäck fylld med halm och en Jolly Ball?.

By limiting our horse?s freedom of movement, we restrict their opportunity to forage, which is one of their most important needs. If their need of forage is not fulfilled it can lead to frustration, which might manifest itself in abnormal behaviour, like the oral stereotypies for example crib-biting. It is a held belief that the horse swallows air while crib-biting, which they don?t, and that swallowed air causes colic, and the belief that other horses can copy the behaviour, leads to the use of many methods to prevent the behaviour.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats var att med utgångspunkt i Chris Andersons bok The Long Tail (2006) skapa förståelse för begreppet och fenomenet Long tail. Vi avsåg vidare att belysa dess modus vivendi, sätt att vara, genom att undersöka och teckna en bild av den kontext eller diskurs inom vilken Long tail skulle kunna existera. Slutligen fördes en diskussion utifrån en egen analysmodell gällande begreppets eventuella räckvidd. Chris Anderson har med fenomenet Long Tail i det närmaste sammanfattat en rad olika tendenser eller strömningar i vår samtid och uppmärksammat en ny marknad som växt fram som ett svar på den digitala tidsåldern. Long tail kan i princip förekomma inom alla branscher där det finns en fördelning mellan produkter med hög respektive låg efterfrågan.

The Swedish Welfare Act § 4 says that "Animals must be kept and cared for in a good environment for animals and in such a way that promotes their health and allow them to behave naturally." Pigs in the wild spend 80% of their waking hours walking around and rooting for food, eating and exploring their environment with its snout. Fattening pigs in commercial farms spend 80% lying doing nothing. A lactating sow is lying down most of her day, and only 10-20% of the body surface is in contact with the floor, so the pressure is high on these spots. Piglets lie down and paddle with their legs, with high liquid content in the tissues, several times an hour, to stimulate and massage the sow's udder. In the existing system, these individuals are held more often on floors that are anything but inviting to sleep on.

This explorative study focuses on young, university attending males (22-27 years) and their understanding and pratice of the classic tail coat. It is based on five qvalitatively interpreted interwievs with a total of six participants, and through open questions regarding individuality and identicalness, limits and possibilities and inclusion and exclusion, a masculininty of a less contemporary hue takes shape. These conversations have revealed the tail coats potential of respresenting a male stereotype that can set a foundational and minimal standard for inclusion. Above this layer these males can then manifest and negotiate their masculine position in a homosocial hierarchy which decides the amount of passage, privilieges and confirmation of self- worth received for the wearer. These negotiation is performed by value bearing symbols (such as medallions, cordons and the like) allowed by the wearer and by the actions that systematically ensure that the lines of the tail coat are watched and unbroken.

Svansbitning är ett stort problem i slaktsvinsproduktionen ur såväl djurvälfärdsmässig som ekonomisk synvinkel. Etiologin bakom problemet anses vara multifaktoriell och är ej helt utredd. Man kan dela in faktorerna i interna riskfaktorer och externa riskfaktorer. De interna riskfaktorerna avser genetiska egenskaper med avseende på ras och härstamning, beteende, rangordning, kön, exteriör, vikt, ålder och allmän hälsostatus. De externa riskfaktorerna avser faktorer i miljön, som beläggningsgrad, möjlighet att böka, berikning i miljön, strömaterial, temperatur, ventilation, ljus, säsong på året, boxens utformning, utfodringssystem och fodrets sammansättning. Detta är en retrospektiv studie där prevalensen svansbitningar i en slaktsvinsbesättning har jämförts före och efter en ändring i utfodringsrutiner.

Animal welfare is of increasing concern in present society. In commercial pig farming, animal welfare problems are common. One of the causes for these problems is the barren environment in which pigs are housed, which can cause oral manipulation of pen mates. Providing straw might be one solution to this problem. Another solution could be reached through genetic selection.